Cook the linguine according to package instructions until al dente. Drain and set aside, reserving 1/2 cup of pasta water.
In a large skillet, heat olive oil over medium-high heat. Season the chicken pieces with garlic powder, onion powder, smoked paprika, cayenne pepper, salt, and pepper. Add the chicken to the skillet and cook until golden brown and cooked through, about 5-7 minutes. Remove the chicken from the skillet and set aside.
In the same skillet, reduce the heat to medium and add the butter. Once melted, add the minced garlic and sauté for about 1 minute until fragrant.
Stir in the Worcestershire sauce, Dijon mustard, and lemon juice. Let the sauce simmer for 2-3 minutes.
Return the cooked chicken to the skillet, along with the drained linguine. Toss everything together, adding reserved pasta water as needed to reach desired consistency. Cook for an additional 2 minutes to heat through.
Remove from heat and stir in the chopped parsley. Serve immediately, topped with grated Parmesan cheese if desired.