In a large skillet, heat the olive oil over medium heat. Add the chicken pieces, season with salt, pepper, and Italian seasoning, and cook until browned and cooked through, about 5-7 minutes. Remove the chicken from the skillet and set aside.
In the same skillet, add the minced garlic and sauté for about 30 seconds until fragrant.
Pour in the diced tomatoes (with juice), chicken broth, and balsamic vinegar. Stir to combine and bring to a simmer.
Return the cooked chicken to the skillet, and let everything simmer together for about 5 minutes, allowing the flavors to meld.
Stir in the fresh basil and cooked pasta, if using. Cook for an additional 2-3 minutes until heated through.
Serve hot, topped with grated Parmesan cheese if desired.